Affidavit Larry D. Bowers [USADA vs Lance Armstrong October 10, 2012] October 8, 2012
Mr. Larry D. Bowers, PhD Chief Science Officer, US Anti-Doping Agency provides an expert opinion as to whether the absence of a "failed" doping control test is proof that the athlete did not dope.
Content:
- Drugs and Methods Abused in Cycling
- Doping in the Peleton
- Drugs test statistics
- Considerations for an effective drug testing program
• The timing of the sample collection process
• The integrity of the sample collection process
• Masking
• The route of drug administration
• The amount (dose) of the drug taken
Mr. Bowers stated that when several factors are considered, it is not possible to equate a "negative test" with the absence of doping at the current time. Mr. Bowers: “It would be relatively easy to avoid detection for doping if the anti-doping program is not as rigorous as it should be. Even with a well-executed collection and testing system, however, it is possible to use some products in specific routes of administration that would be very difficult to detect. In addition, there are some prohibited substances and methods for which there is no effective test (e.g., autologous blood transfusion and until very recently GH). The unfortunate result of this situation is, as illustrated by contemporary examples such as Marion Jones, David Millar, and many others, athletes who have claimed never to have failed a drug test have later admitted their use of performance enhancing drugs.”